Research &
Open Data

Affordances of Digital and Blockchain-Based Community Currencies: The Case of Sarafu Network in Kenya

Patricia Marcella Evite

International Journal of Community Currency Research, Vol. 30 No. 1 (Special Issue Rome)

Proto-Social Infrastructure and Stewardship of Commitment Pooling

William O. Ruddick

International Journal of Community Currency Research, Vol. 30 No. 1 (Special Issue Rome)

Sarafu Network Public Dataset

William O. Ruddick, Mohamed Sohail Azim

Zenodo

Regenerative Bonds: Formal Debt, Mutual-Aid, and Local Settlement Capacity

William O. Ruddick, Alex Cahana & Tom Shael

arXiv:2606.23922 [econ.GN]

Commitment-pool route graphs for finance and mutual aid

William O. Ruddick

SSRN Working Paper

Grassroots Economics: Reflection and Practice

William O. Ruddick

Substack (Free PDF)

Topological components in a community currency network

Teodoro Criscione

Journal of Complex Networks, Vol. 13 No. 3, Oxford University Press

Exploring Time-Ordered Triadic Closure in Online Social Networks

Alessia Galdeman, Cheick Tidiane Ba, Matteo Zignani & Sabrina Gaito

ACM Transactions on the Web, Vol. 19 No. 2, Article 24

Slum-Based CAV Networks: Networking in Unyielding Poverty Situations

Amon Simba, Eric Braune & Marina Dabic

Strategic Change, Wiley

Complementary Currencies and Entrepreneurship: Sustaining Micro-Entrepreneurs in Kenyan Informal Settlements

George Kuk, Camille Meyer & Stephanie Giamporcaro

Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 21-54

Commitment Pooling — An Economic Protocol Inspired by Ancestral Wisdom

William O. Ruddick

International Journal of Community Currency Research (IJCCR), Vol. 27, pp. 54-79

Cooperative Behavior in Blockchain-Based Complementary Currency Networks Through Time: The Sarafu Case Study

Cheick Tidiane Ba, Matteo Zignani & Sabrina Gaito

Future Generation Computer Systems, Vol. 148, pp. 266-279

Circulation of a digital community currency

Carolina E. S. Mattsson, Teodoro Criscione & Frank W. Takes

Nature Scientific Reports

Sarafu.Network 2021-2023 Data

Grassroots Economics

UK Data Service

Complex Systems Modeling of Community Inclusion Currencies

Clark, Andrew; Mihailov, Alexander; Zargham, Michael

Vienna University of Economics and Business

Community Currencies as Crisis Response: Results from a Randomized Control Trial in Kenya

Rebecca Mqamelo

Frontiers in Blockchain

Sarafu Community Inclusion Currency 2020-2021

Carolina E. S. Mattsson, Teodoro Criscione & William O. Ruddick

Nature Scientific Data

CIC Research Findings: Expert Opinions on the Future of Community Inclusion Currencies

OCTOPI

Temporal Analysis of Cooperative Behaviour in a Blockchain for Humanitarian Aid During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cheick Tidiane Ba, Alessia Galdeman, Matteo Zignani & Sabrina Gaito

ACM Conference on Information Technology for Social Good (GoodIT 2022), pp. 292-299

Complementary Currencies for Humanitarian Aid

Leanne Ussher, Laura Ebert, Georgina M. Gomez, William O. Ruddick

MDPI Journal of Risk and Financial Management

Sarafu — CIC 2020-2021 Data

William O. Ruddick, Teodoro Criscione, C.E.S. Mattsson

UK Data Service

Sarafu — User Phone Survey and Analysis 2021

60 Decibels

Economic Advantages of Community Currencies

Sarah Zeller

Journal of Risk and Financial Management, Vol. 13 No. 11, Article 271

Red Cross Mukuru Kayaba Rapid Survey Analysis May 2020

Kenya Red Cross & Grassroots Economics

Community Inclusion Currencies M&E Rapid Survey

A Relational Analysis of Sarafu Network: Emergence of a Monetary Ecosystem for the Prosperity of Communities

Sowelu Elios Avanzo

University of Torino (Master's Thesis)

Trade Facilitation and Community Development in the Age of Blockchain & DLT

Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

Proof of Impact: Blockchain Community Currencies in Action

Galia Benartzi, Rebecca Mqamelo

Voucher Systems for Food Security: A Case Study on Kenya's Sarafu-Credit

Marion Cauvet

University of Copenhagen (M.Sc. Agricultural Development)

DANIDA Awarded 9 Million DKK for Research on Community Currencies

Ester Barinaga (Lund University, Lead Researcher)

DANIDA / Copenhagen Business School

Challenges of Collective Organization and Institution Building around Community Currencies in Kenyan Slums

Dissaux, T.; Ruddick, W.

4th International Conference on Social and Complementary Currencies, Barcelona, Spain

Community Currency Programmes as a Tool for the Sustainable Development of Informal Settlements

Daan Sillen

United Nations University / Maastricht University (M.Sc. Public Policy and Human Development)

The Case of Sarafu-credits: Examining How a Community Currency Can Contribute to Sustainable Livelihood in Informal Settlements

Hannes Anagrius

Stockholm Resilience Centre (M.Sc. Resilience and Sustainability Science)

Community Currencies in a Development Context: The Case of the Sarafu-Credit in Kenya

Thibaud Dezyn

University of Leuven, Belgium (Masters in Cultural Anthropology)

The Role of Complementary Currency in Promoting Business Growth in an Informal Economy: Case of Bangla-Pesa

Roselyne M. Omanga

Strathmore University, Kenya (Masters of Executive Business Administration)

Relationship between Community Currencies and Nutritional Intake of Household in Kibera Kenya

Sharlene Mbula Mule

University of Nairobi (B.Sc. Food Nutrition and Dietetics)

Complementary Currencies for Sustainable Development in Kenya: the Case of the Bangla-Pesa

Ruddick, W.; Richards, M.; Bendell, J.

International Journal of Community Currency Research

Re-imagining Money to Broaden the Future of Development Finance

Bendell, J.; Slater, M.; Ruddick, W.

UNRISD Working Paper 2015-10

Trust and Spending of Community Currencies in Kenya

Ruddick, W.

3rd International Conference on Social and Complementary Currencies, Salvador, Brazil

Kenyan Businesswomen Transforming Slum Economies through Complementary Currencies

Richards, M.; Ruddick, W.

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development

Complementary Currencies Strengthening the Social and Solidarity Economy: Case Studies from Kenya

Ruddick, W.; Mariani, L.

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development

Eco-Pesa: an Evaluation of a Complementary Currency Programme in Kenya's Informal Settlements

Ruddick, W.

International Journal of Community Currency Research